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religion

Any posts about religion are my views alone and do not represent any attempt to de-convert anyone.

Religious Education

Social Media Wonderings and Wanderings

Believers from the Outside

I remember wondering, as a kid, if there could be other groups of believers who kept all the holidays Old Testament festivals like we did, who attended church on Saturday (calling it the Sabbath) rather than Sunday, who had all the doctrine distinctives that our church had but had developed all this on their own apart from any of the WCG ministry. I knew that if God called people like our church taught, such a scenario was entirely possible, that he could call someone without providing direct access to our group. Herbert Armstrong always said after all, “Don’t believe me Believe your Bible,” and he always taught that everything that the church believed came directly from the Bible. So it is entirely logical that someone could arrive at the same conclusions as Armstrong, even without the aid of God calling them. Throw in that supernatural element, and it seemed almost unlikely that there wouldn’t be some other groups out there lurking about keeping the sabbath, paying tides, going to the Feast of Tabernacles, eschewing Christmas and Easter, but not formally part of our organization.

The data podcast on Church of God Network has gotten me to thinking about this. They claim that there are somewhere between 500,000 and 1.5 million Sabbatarian Christians in Madagascar. They bring up the idea that theoretically someone in India could be reading their Bible and reach the same conclusions that all the churches of God do, namely, that we should be going to church on Saturday and following Old Testament festivals and the like. They pondered if that might have already happened, and if they’re not English speakers, how in the world could the COG‘s existing in America get in touch with them or even know if their existence to help them in their spiritual development.

It is, of course, somewhat presumptuous to assume that they would need the spiritual development. It reeks of theological colonialism. If God is calling them, they don’t need any help from people here.

Yet that just speaks to the cognitive dissonance that provides the churches of God. God calls you, but he needs a little bit of help from literature and television programs. What's amazing is that the hosts come right to the edge of this realization before backtracking:

Not only is this not the only day of salvation but it’s not our job to proselytize. So this conversation is not about going in and like, “Why aren’t people responding,” like this is the only day of salvation kind of thing. It’s more of, God does the calling, but God’s also not a respecter of persons, so you’d imagine the distribution as to where people are called would largely be either, I don’t want to say random, but dispersed based on something that has some sort of logical sense, if that make sense. Maybe you’d have one or two nations where, that would fall into this bucket, but to have a decent chunk of nations that are high population, low hostility, and a cultural presence of more mainstream Christian Western views that would raise a red flag of, “Okay well, it wouldn’t make sense that God wouldn’t call anyone in this nation.” Is there something about how this message is getting out? Maybe there’s a lot of response but it just independent groups who haven’t maybe reached out for affiliation.

They're right there: they're almost about to realize that if their theology about God calling people out of the world (and that being a precious and rare event), there should be people coming out of the world on their own. They shouldn't any exposure to the various COGs literature or television shows or webinars. It should happen naturally, and it should be evenly spread around the world. Things like the amount of hostility toward religion in a given community shouldn't matter; cultural awareness of mainstream Christianity (which these COGs reject) shouldn't matter; language shouldn't matter. But it all does matter, to the point that the vast majority of the COG membership is located in the US. Perhaps that's because these COGs preach that the US is of special theological significance and along with those in the UK among the most special of the lost tribes of Israel. That won't sell well in Poland or Hungary, two countries they mention that have no COG presence even thirty some years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the opening of the Iron Curtain.

They come so close to realizing that Armstrongism is a highly culturally specific theology targeting English speakers specifically, and that alone explains the US-majority membership.

Approaching Fall

After lunch, the students at our new school have a short recess. The school is trying to get back to some more traditional ideas in school, and providing kids with a chance to get out and run about and be kids once in a while is an important element in the planning of the schedule. Right now since, we are just visitors in the building that houses are small school, we don’t have a lot of space for this recess. On days when the weather is fine, we simply go out to a grassy area in front of the school and let the kids have some free time. The boys throw a football, and the girls and a few boys for a circle and knock around the volleyball. everyone seems to enjoy it, so much, so this several of that we have mentioned it in the school journals, they are keeping in my class. Most days it has been intolerably hot for me during this break, so I have sought shelter under an awning in the front of the school. Today, however, the weather was simply perfect. It was sunny, but not hot. It invited rambunctious play but not sweat. it was a perfect Polish summer day in other words right here in South Carolina. Combined with the cool mornings we’ve had this week, this simply suggest that autumn is finally approaching.

This will be our first autumn without the Girl living in our house. And although she will not have much of an autumn in Florida, this will be the first autumn of her college days. Eventually, she might associate cooler days with the beginning of a school year, and cool mornings like we’ve had this week might bring back little floods of memories of her time in college.

For me, autumn brings back memories of my childhood growing up in a heterodox Christian that still insisted on observing the Jewish Old Testament festivals, although they gave them a unique and somewhat twisted spin. The highlight of all of this is always the Feast of Tabernacles, an eight day extravaganza Filled with activities, restaurants, and daily church services. The daily church service was really just the price we had to pay all the rest of the fund. At least that’s how we kids looked at it.

For kids, this weeklong convention was little more than a replacement for Christmas, which was forbidden in the church because of its pagan roots. My own parents would bribe me to behave well in the daily services by giving me a new Matchbox Car every day to play with. They would also buy one or two large gifts, toys that I had an eyeing for months on end at Sears or Kmart, toys that lured me like a sirens call every time we entered those stores, toys that I would play with his best I could through the packaging, which was Just cleverly enough open for little kids to get their fingers in and manipulate the toy, just enough to heighten the desire. One year I got a large diecast tractor with a working frontend loader and functional backhoe.

Another year, when I was in my full summer succession, they bought me Millennium Falcon. I thought I was in heaven.

Of course, once I got to be about Emil’s age, a teenager in other words, this eight-day festival really met one thing: a fling. In fact that’s just what we all called it. A feast fling. Teenagers would start to search for likely candidates from the very opening service, which was always an evening service before the first day proper, which always necessitated two church services. One in the morning and one in the afternoon. The day was just that special. Still, while these daily church services were simply the cost of the rest of the enjoyable week, that first day having double services was actually something of a blessing, for it was just before, and just after the services that the real hunting happened. Since we had so sequestered ourselves away from the rest of “the world,” that diabolical morass of the unchosen all out to steal our salvation, most members of the sect came well before weekly church services and stayed long after in order to fellowship. With that habit well established, it simply spilled over into these extraordinary days in the fall. Before and after services, clusters of teens would roam throughout the auditorium (or arena, depending on the popularity of a given location) rented for the week, all of the most one thing on their mind: to meet someone of the opposite sex.

Truthfully, it wasn’t just the teens who are doing this. Although they took a more nuance to approach, most single members of the site approach these festivals with a similar mindset. Because the group discouraged or even forbade members from marrying outside the sect, these weeklong gatherings offered everyone a chance to meet someone who was safe, who could be eventually married without the risk of losing one’s place in the church and therefore one's salvation and eternal life. I, too, participated in this gigantic mating dance, although it was somewhat half hearted, I believe. By that time, it was clear to me that I would not be staying in the church forever, and I would eventually drift out and leave my parents behind and their religion. Little did, I know that they too, due to the changes that have occurred, would eventually just return to plain Jane Christianity.

Still, after all these years (it’s been well over 30 since I last attended one of these gatherings), those yearly retreats remain to my mind one of the few benefits of growing up in what truthfully could be called a cult. Because of the double layered tithing system of the sect (and triple layered every third year), members entered these weeklong festivities with approximately 6 to 8% of their yearly earnings to blow in one week. That meant going to restaurants that we would never have gone to, visiting sites we would have never seen, staying in cities we would’ve never visited otherwise. This did come in a price, of course. When you’re taking off 20% of your salary every paycheck (and that was 20% of the gross not the net), even an engineer like my father made wages that could sometimes be stifling small. But in truth, that really just made the feast all the more special. It was a week of excess, a Bacchanalia as much as a conservative sect could allow itself to have.

So when the morning turn chilly, and the evenings finally become actually cold, my mind turns back to those magical weeks when just for a moment, just for the shortest of files, we lived like royalty.

Collins and the Mind

Sam Harris, author of the excellent The End of Faith, has an op-ed in the New York Times about Obama's selection of Dr. Francis Collins to head the National Institutes of Health.

Collins is famous for his work leading the Human Genome project as well as his stance that there exists "a consistent and profoundly satisfying harmony" between science and Christianity. While he is not a proponent of Intelligent Design, Dr. Collins believes both Genesis and Darwin. Harris explained it thus:

What follows are a series of slides, presented in order, from a lecture on science and belief that Dr. Collins gave at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2008:

Slide 1: “Almighty God, who is not limited in space or time, created a universe 13.7 billion years ago with its parameters precisely tuned to allow the development of complexity over long periods of time.”

Slide 2: “God’s plan included the mechanism of evolution to create the marvelous diversity of living things on our planet. Most especially, that creative plan included human beings.”

Slide 3: “After evolution had prepared a sufficiently advanced ‘house’ (the human brain), God gifted humanity with the knowledge of good and evil (the moral law), with free will, and with an immortal soul.”

Slide 4: “We humans used our free will to break the moral law, leading to our estrangement from God. For Christians, Jesus is the solution to that estrangement.”

Slide 5: “If the moral law is just a side effect of evolution, then there is no such thing as good or evil. It’s all an illusion. We’ve been hoodwinked. Are any of us, especially the strong atheists, really prepared to live our lives within that worldview?” (Source)

Harris is concerned about this blending of religion and science. He writes that when Collins is

challenged with alternative accounts of these phenomena – or with evidence that suggests that God might be unloving, illogical, inconsistent or, indeed, absent – Dr. Collins will say that God stands outside of Nature, and thus science cannot address the question of his existence at all.

Similarly, Dr. Collins insists that our moral intuitions attest to God’s existence, to his perfectly moral character and to his desire to have fellowship with every member of our species. But when our moral intuitions recoil at the casual destruction of innocents by, say, a tidal wave or earthquake, Dr. Collins assures us that our time-bound notions of good and evil can’t be trusted and that God’s will is a mystery.

In short, Harris is worried about the fact that, when it comes to the moral dimension of the universe, Collins ceases being a scientist and becomes a theologian. Certainly the statement "God's will is a mystery" is not something that can be tested scientifically, Harris rightly points out.

But Harris is up to more, though. He rightly points out that this view of creation -- evolution to one point, divine spark-of-morality injection at another -- recreates an age-old problem: the mind-body problem.

Just how is the mind/soul connected to the body? Where does one end and the other begin? Things we've traditionally thought of as part of the mind/soul (such as personality) are oddly susceptible to influence through physical media. The most famous example is Phineas Gage, a railway who, through a series of unfortunate events, had a railroad stake placed in his skull. He survived, but was never the same. He changed. Instead of the kind, fun-loving Gage, he became a foul-mouthed, short-tempered jerk. His personality changed through violent manipulation of his brain. It kind of indicates that personality is not an aspect of the soul.

Contemporary examples abound. As a teacher, I see it every day: Ritalin. Over-medicate a child on Ritalin and you'll get a somber, introverted, sleepy individual; get it just right, and you'll get a "normal" person; under-medicate and you'll get someone almost bouncing off the walls. When I was in school, this would have all been chalked up to "personality."

This is exactly what Harris has in mind when he writes,

Most scientists who study the human mind are convinced that minds are the products of brains, and brains are the products of evolution. Dr. Collins takes a different approach: he insists that at some moment in the development of our species God inserted crucial components – including an immortal soul, free will, the moral law, spiritual hunger, genuine altruism, etc.

As someone who believes that our understanding of human nature can be derived from neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science and behavioral economics, among others, I am troubled by Dr. Collins’s line of thinking. I also believe it would seriously undercut fields like neuroscience and our growing understanding of the human mind. If we must look to religion to explain our moral sense, what should we make of the deficits of moral reasoning associated with conditions like frontal lobe syndrome and psychopathy? Are these disorders best addressed by theology?

Dr. Collins sees morality as an element of the soul; Harris points out that this is untestable and amounts to a re-introduction of the mind/body problem into contemporary science. It's an insightful point, and Harris builds to this point very effectively.

It's a tricky issue. Religious beliefs are often bedrock beliefs: they inform and shape other beliefs. Would we want a Christian Scientist in the role, someone who believes that all ailments are spiritual, figments of an unenlightened imagination?

But will Collins' religious beliefs affect his scientific reasoning? I'm not convinced, like Harris, that it will. It didn't when he was director of the Human Genome Project. Then again, Sam Harris is a long-tailed atheist in a Christian rocking chair country: he's more than a little skittish, and often justifiably so.

Source: Gary Stern, at Blogging Religiously.

Left Behind Mawkishness

The "plagues" seem so hokey: the seas turn to blood; people get boils all over their body; the sun scorches with intense heat; all light is extinguished for some period. These are most certainly bronze-age plagues that would feel terrifying and ineffably confusing at the time but just seem silly how. They feel rooted in the bronze age because that's when the authors were writing. The end of the world would surely be things like this: blood in water sources, complete darkness.

For the Bronze Age, these are plausible plagues as well. Rumor of a river turning to blood in a distant (or semi-distant) land is completely impossible to confirm or to refute.

Faith Over Family

(Not) A Drill

A student hands a teacher a 9 millimeter hollow-point bullet on the way out of the classroom with the simple comment that he “found it on the floor in the classroom.” Within a few minutes, people from the district office and the police department start pouring into the building. All the eighth-grade students are ushered back to their homerooms. Each homeroom takes its students to their lockers, instructs them to take all their materials with them, and walk through one of the the weapon detectors that district personnel and the sheriff’s office rotates throughout the schools. 

In the meantime, the kids sit for an hour in my homeroom, waiting for our turn, talking about what’s going on.

“Mr. Scott, is it true someone found a bullet?” a girl asks.

“Can we just jump out of the window if we have to?” another girl asks.

“I’m low-key worried, Mr. Scott,” a boy says.

I tell them that there’s nothing to be scared of, that we’re taking these precautions to make sure we’re safe. “If this were a situation with immediate dangers,” I reassure them, “I would not be this relaxed.”

In the meantime, a charismatic young man begins reassuring everyone that Jesus will protect them. He’s doing it half in jest, half in seriousness. I tell him to bring it down a level. He does for a little while, then decides he wants to read Bible verses to everyone. I call him over to my desk.

“I know what you’re going to say!” he reassures me.

“Just come on over here, please.”

He steps to my desk, and I explain: “Not everyone in here is Christian.”

He smiles: “Got it.”

I’m sure he’s thinking of our two Muslim students, but I’m sure there are a couple of students who are of the skeptical bent.

Ramadan Reading

Four sweet, dark-haired, dark-eyed girls crowded around me and asked, almost in unison, “Can we go to the media center during lunch?” It’s Ramadan, and my four Muslim students (three are from Afghanistan and one is from Syria) are eager to avoid even the sight of food while they are fasting. They cluster together throughout the whole day: the guidance counselor purposely made their schedule so that they have almost every class together since they feel safest with each other. 

Of course, I agreed for them to go to the media center: growing up in a strange Christian sect that borrowed all the Jewish festivals, I had to fast one day a year during Yom Kippur, though our sect preferred the translated name, the Day of Atonement. I have a slight sense, then, of the challenge my Muslim students face, though only a very slight sense: we didn’t go to school or work on the Day of Atonement, and it was only one day. I can’t imagine what it would be like to fast all day and to go about one’s regular schedule at the same time, so I’m certainly sympathetic to the difficulties they face this month.

When we got back from lunch, the girls were waiting at the classroom door. They came into the room and immediately asked if they could go pray. “If we don’t pray while we’re fasting,” one girl explained, “it doesn’t count.” 

I looked at them quizzically: “Why didn’t you pray while you were in the media center during lunch?”

“It was too early,” another of the girls explained.

The skeptic in me wondered if they will start asking questions at some point. Would a truly good god be so upset that you prayed a few minutes early? Would a fair god be obsessed with females’ modesty in clothing while ignoring males’ modesty? Would a wise god really be all that worried about what animal you eat? These were the same kind of questions I asked myself years ago, and when I dallied in Catholicism a few years ago, I didn’t find resolution to these issues; I just temporarily stopped thinking about them. But once they’re there…

Ramadan Thoughts

Four sweet, dark-haired, dark-eyed girls crowded around me and asked, almost in unison, “Can we go to the media center during lunch?” It’s Ramadan, and my four Muslim students (three are from Afghanistan and one is from Syria) are eager to avoid even the sight of food while they are fasting. They cluster together throughout the whole day: the guidance counselor purposely made their schedule so that they have almost every class together since they feel safest with each other.

Of course, I agreed for them to go to the media center: growing up in a strange Christian sect that borrowed all the Jewish festivals, I had to fast one day a year during Yom Kippur, though our sect preferred the translated name, the Day of Atonement. I have a slight sense, then, of the challenge my Muslim students face, though only a very slight sense: we didn’t go to school or work on the Day of Atonement, and it was only one day. I can’t imagine what it would be like to fast all day and to go about one’s regular schedule at the same time, so I’m certainly sympathetic to the difficulties they face this month.

When we got back from lunch, the girls were waiting at the classroom door. They came into the room and immediately asked if they could go pray. “If we don’t pray while we’re fasting,” one girl explained, “it doesn’t count.”

I looked at them quizzically: “Why didn’t you pray while you were in the media center during lunch?”

“It was too early,” another of the girls explained.

The skeptic in me wondered if they will start asking questions at some point. Would a truly good god be so upset that you prayed a few minutes early? Would a fair god be obsessed with females’ modesty in clothing while ignoring males’ modesty? Would a wise god really be all that worried about what animal you eat? These were the same kind of questions I asked myself years ago, and when I dallied in Catholicism a few years ago, I didn’t find resolution to these issues; I just temporarily stopped thinking about them. But once they’re there…